首先看一下阿里云官方的教程:
文件说明:
1. 证书文件xxxxxx.pem,包含两段内容,请不要删除任何一段内容。
2. 如果是证书系统创建的CSR,还包含:证书私钥文件xxxxxxxx.key、证书公钥文件public.pem、证书链文件chain.pem。
( 1 ) 在Apache的安装目录下创建cert目录,并且将下载的全部文件拷贝到cert目录中。如果申请证书时是自己创建的CSR文件,请将对应的私钥文件放到cert目录下并且命名为xxxxxxxx.key;
( 2 ) 打开 apache 安装目录下 conf 目录中的 httpd.conf 文件,找到以下内容并去掉“#”:
#LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so (如果找不到请确认是否编译过 openssl 插件) #Include conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
( 3 ) 打开 apache 安装目录下 conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf 文件 (也可能是conf.d/ssl.conf,与操作系统及安装方式有关), 在配置文件中查找以下配置语句:
# 添加 SSL 协议支持协议,去掉不安全的协议 SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 -SSLv3 # 修改加密套件如下 SSLCipherSuite HIGH:!RC4:!MD5:!aNULL:!eNULL:!NULL:!DH:!EDH:!EXP:+MEDIUM SSLHonorCipherOrder on # 证书公钥配置 SSLCertificateFile cert/public.pem # 证书私钥配置 SSLCertificateKeyFile cert/xxxxxxx.key # 证书链配置,如果该属性开头有 '#'字符,请删除掉 SSLCertificateChainFile cert/chain.pem
( 4 ) 重启 Apache。
( 5 ) 通过 https 方式访问您的站点,测试站点证书的安装配置,如遇到证书不信任问题,请查看帮助视频。
然而这只能参考。在Ubuntu下面,我是用apt安装的Apache,但是它没有httpd.conf,只有一个apache2.conf,好吧,其实这个文件和httpd.conf差不多,它里面是这样注释的:
# It is split into several files forming the configuration hierarchy outlined # below, all located in the /etc/apache2/ directory: # # /etc/apache2/ # |-- apache2.conf # | `-- ports.conf # |-- mods-enabled # | |-- *.load # | `-- *.conf # |-- conf-enabled # | `-- *.conf # `-- sites-enabled # `-- *.conf #
这个版本的Apache把配置文件分散到了其他小文件中,结构就是上面那样子的。你要是愿意的话,也可以自己写一个httpd.conf然后include进去。
重点讲一下https的配置,第一步,你要保证你外部环境的443端口是打开的。
第二步确保你安装了ssl_module。没有就apt-get install openssl ,可能还需要一些依赖,但是都是小问题。
然后打开ports.conf,以下几句是不可少的:
<IfModule ssl_module> Listen 443 </IfModule> <IfModule mod_gnutls.c> Listen 443 </IfModule>
接着打开mods-available,找到ssl.conf和ssl.load
ssl.load长这样:
# Depends: setenvif mime socache_shmcb LoadModule ssl_module /usr/lib/apache2/modules/mod_ssl.so ssl.conf长这样: <IfModule mod_ssl.c> # Pseudo Random Number Generator (PRNG): # Configure one or more sources to seed the PRNG of the SSL library. # The seed data should be of good random quality. # WARNING! On some platforms /dev/random blocks if not enough entropy # is available. This means you then cannot use the /dev/random device # because it would lead to very long connection times (as long as # it requires to make more entropy available). But usually those # platforms additionally provide a /dev/urandom device which doesn't # block. So, if available, use this one instead. Read the mod_ssl User # Manual for more details. # SSLRandomSeed startup builtin SSLRandomSeed startup file:/dev/urandom 512 SSLRandomSeed connect builtin SSLRandomSeed connect file:/dev/urandom 512 ## ## SSL Global Context ## ## All SSL configuration in this context applies both to ## the main server and all SSL-enabled virtual hosts. ## # # Some MIME-types for downloading Certificates and CRLs # AddType application/x-x509-ca-cert .crt AddType application/x-pkcs7-crl .crl # Pass Phrase Dialog: # Configure the pass phrase gathering process. # The filtering dialog program (`builtin' is a internal # terminal dialog) has to provide the pass phrase on stdout. SSLPassPhraseDialog exec:/usr/share/apache2/ask-for-passphrase # Inter-Process Session Cache: # Configure the SSL Session Cache: First the mechanism # to use and second the expiring timeout (in seconds). # (The mechanism dbm has known memory leaks and should not be used). #SSLSessionCache dbm:${APACHE_RUN_DIR}/ssl_scache SSLSessionCache shmcb:${APACHE_RUN_DIR}/ssl_scache(512000) SSLSessionCacheTimeout 300 # Semaphore: # Configure the path to the mutual exclusion semaphore the # SSL engine uses internally for inter-process synchronization. # (Disabled by default, the global Mutex directive consolidates by default # this) #Mutex file:${APACHE_LOCK_DIR}/ssl_mutex ssl-cache # SSL Cipher Suite: # List the ciphers that the client is permitted to negotiate. See the # ciphers(1) man page from the openssl package for list of all available # options. # Enable only secure ciphers: SSLCipherSuite HIGH:!RC4:!MD5:!aNULL:!eNULL:!NULL:!DH:!EDH:!EXP:+MEDIUM # SSL server cipher order preference: # Use server priorities for cipher algorithm choice. # Clients may prefer lower grade encryption. You should enable this # option if you want to enforce stronger encryption, and can afford # the CPU cost, and did not override SSLCipherSuite in a way that puts # insecure ciphers first. # Default: Off SSLHonorCipherOrder on # The protocols to enable. # Available values: all, SSLv3, TLSv1, TLSv1.1, TLSv1.2 # SSL v2 is no longer supported SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 -SSLv3 # Allow insecure renegotiation with clients which do not yet support the # secure renegotiation protocol. Default: Off #SSLInsecureRenegotiation on # Whether to forbid non-SNI clients to access name based virtual hosts. # Default: Off #SSLStrictSNIVHostCheck On </IfModule> # vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet
之后就是站点的配置了,这里使用默认的default-ssl.conf:
<IfModule mod_ssl.c> <VirtualHost _default_:443> ServerName ################加入你自己的站点配置########## # Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn, # error, crit, alert, emerg. # It is also possible to configure the loglevel for particular # modules, e.g. #LogLevel info ssl:warn ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined # For most configuration files from conf-available/, which are # enabled or disabled at a global level, it is possible to # include a line for only one particular virtual host. For example the # following line enables the CGI configuration for this host only # after it has been globally disabled with "a2disconf". #Include conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf # SSL Engine Switch: # Enable/Disable SSL for this virtual host. SSLEngine on # A self-signed (snakeoil) certificate can be created by installing # the ssl-cert package. See # /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz for more info. # If both key and certificate are stored in the same file, only the # SSLCertificateFile directive is needed. SSLCertificateFile /etc/apache2/cert/public.pem SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/apache2/cert/xxxxxxx.key # Server Certificate Chain: # Point SSLCertificateChainFile at a file containing the # concatenation of PEM encoded CA certificates which form the # certificate chain for the server certificate. Alternatively # the referenced file can be the same as SSLCertificateFile # when the CA certificates are directly appended to the server # certificate for convinience. SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/apache2/cert/chain.pem # Certificate Authority (CA): # Set the CA certificate verification path where to find CA # certificates for client authentication or alternatively one # huge file containing all of them (file must be PEM encoded) # Note: Inside SSLCACertificatePath you need hash symlinks # to point to the certificate files. Use the provided # Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes. #SSLCACertificatePath /etc/ssl/certs/ #SSLCACertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crt/ca-bundle.crt # Certificate Revocation Lists (CRL): # Set the CA revocation path where to find CA CRLs for client # authentication or alternatively one huge file containing all # of them (file must be PEM encoded) # Note: Inside SSLCARevocationPath you need hash symlinks # to point to the certificate files. Use the provided # Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes. #SSLCARevocationPath /etc/apache2/ssl.crl/ #SSLCARevocationFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crl/ca-bundle.crl # Client Authentication (Type): # Client certificate verification type and depth. Types are # none, optional, require and optional_no_ca. Depth is a # number which specifies how deeply to verify the certificate # issuer chain before deciding the certificate is not valid. #SSLVerifyClient require #SSLVerifyDepth 10 # SSL Engine Options: # Set various options for the SSL engine. # o FakeBasicAuth: # Translate the client X.509 into a Basic Authorisation. This means that # the standard Auth/DBMAuth methods can be used for access control. The # user name is the `one line' version of the client's X.509 certificate. # Note that no password is obtained from the user. Every entry in the user # file needs this password: `xxj31ZMTZzkVA'. # o ExportCertData: # This exports two additional environment variables: SSL_CLIENT_CERT and # SSL_SERVER_CERT. These contain the PEM-encoded certificates of the # server (always existing) and the client (only existing when client # authentication is used). This can be used to import the certificates # into CGI scripts. # o StdEnvVars: # This exports the standard SSL/TLS related `SSL_*' environment variables. # Per default this exportation is switched off for performance reasons, # because the extraction step is an expensive operation and is usually # useless for serving static content. So one usually enables the # exportation for CGI and SSI requests only. # o OptRenegotiate: # This enables optimized SSL connection renegotiation handling when SSL # directives are used in per-directory context. #SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +ExportCertData +StrictRequire <FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$"> SSLOptions +StdEnvVars </FilesMatch> <Directory /usr/lib/cgi-bin> SSLOptions +StdEnvVars </Directory> # SSL Protocol Adjustments: # The safe and default but still SSL/TLS standard compliant shutdown # approach is that mod_ssl sends the close notify alert but doesn't wait for # the close notify alert from client. When you need a different shutdown # approach you can use one of the following variables: # o ssl-unclean-shutdown: # This forces an unclean shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. no # SSL close notify alert is send or allowed to received. This violates # the SSL/TLS standard but is needed for some brain-dead browsers. Use # this when you receive I/O errors because of the standard approach where # mod_ssl sends the close notify alert. # o ssl-accurate-shutdown: # This forces an accurate shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. a # SSL close notify alert is send and mod_ssl waits for the close notify # alert of the client. This is 100% SSL/TLS standard compliant, but in # practice often causes hanging connections with brain-dead browsers. Use # this only for browsers where you know that their SSL implementation # works correctly. # Notice: Most problems of broken clients are also related to the HTTP # keep-alive facility, so you usually additionally want to disable # keep-alive for those clients, too. Use variable "nokeepalive" for this. # Similarly, one has to force some clients to use HTTP/1.0 to workaround # their broken HTTP/1.1 implementation. Use variables "downgrade-1.0" and # "force-response-1.0" for this. # BrowserMatch "MSIE [2-6]" # nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown # downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 </VirtualHost> </IfModule> # vim: syntax=apache ts=4 sw=4 sts=4 sr noet
发现了吗,这是把阿里云教程里的配置项分散到了两个配置文件里面。
然后在浏览器上使用https访问,成功。(linux可以使用wget或curl测试)
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持。
更新日志
- 小骆驼-《草原狼2(蓝光CD)》[原抓WAV+CUE]
- 群星《欢迎来到我身边 电影原声专辑》[320K/MP3][105.02MB]
- 群星《欢迎来到我身边 电影原声专辑》[FLAC/分轨][480.9MB]
- 雷婷《梦里蓝天HQⅡ》 2023头版限量编号低速原抓[WAV+CUE][463M]
- 群星《2024好听新歌42》AI调整音效【WAV分轨】
- 王思雨-《思念陪着鸿雁飞》WAV
- 王思雨《喜马拉雅HQ》头版限量编号[WAV+CUE]
- 李健《无时无刻》[WAV+CUE][590M]
- 陈奕迅《酝酿》[WAV分轨][502M]
- 卓依婷《化蝶》2CD[WAV+CUE][1.1G]
- 群星《吉他王(黑胶CD)》[WAV+CUE]
- 齐秦《穿乐(穿越)》[WAV+CUE]
- 发烧珍品《数位CD音响测试-动向效果(九)》【WAV+CUE】
- 邝美云《邝美云精装歌集》[DSF][1.6G]
- 吕方《爱一回伤一回》[WAV+CUE][454M]